Archive-Name: faql.rec.arts.startrek.misc Last updated 18 September 1997 PERIODIC LIST OF "FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS" in REC.ARTS.STARTREK.MISC This posting is intended to cut down on the "often asked questions" that seem to pop up every few months in the rec.arts.startrek.misc newsgroup. It is one of a number of periodic postings posted to r.a.s.*: This FAQL is basically a list of questions that have been brought up and discussed to death in rec.arts.startrek.misc, and a lot of people would be happy if they never resurfaced. Please refer to the "LIST OF PERIODIC POSINGS TO r.a.s.* NEWSGROUPS" article for a full list of periodic post- ings, and to the "LIST OF ACRONYMS" article for acronyms used in this and other postings. =========================================================================== 1) Uniforms 2) McCoy's "I'm a doctor, not a ___" lines 3) Starfleet Military? 4) Games 5) The Prime Directive 6) Picard's surrenders 7) Self destructs 8) Leaving the galaxy 9) Addresses for Trek memorabilia 10) Crew reading USENET? 11) Where can I see my favorite Trek stars in the nude? 12) Music & Sound 13) Is Paramount making money on TNG? 14) How much does it cost to produce an episode of TOS, TNG, DS9? 15) Money in the future 16) Religion in the future 17) Smoking in the future 18) Inside Trek (weekly syndicated Star Trek newspaper column) 19) History of the Star Trek newsgroups 99) Misc Trivia =========================================================================== 1) UNIFORMS: 1a) TNG UNIFORMS The uniforms were changed from the spandex one-piece suits (that made the cast look muscular) to the wool two-piece suits (that make them look flabby but are more comfortable). The new uniforms cost $3000 apiece to manufacture. Most of the extras were still wearing the old uniforms even after the switch. Another reason for the switch is that Brent Spiner suffers from some back injury. Because spandex is skin-tight, he couldn't wear his brace underneath. The wool is loose enough and you can occasionally see the top of the brace under the costume if you look at his chest. In just about every episode you can see Picard (and others) tugging at their uniforms as they ride up. This was known jokingly both on and off the set as "the Picard maneuver". If you want a Star Trek uniform: Look for Simplicity or McCalls pattern book in your favorite fabric shop. In the back there are Star Trek uniforms for adults and children, both genders. You can also get the patterns from Paramount's "Star Trek: The Official Fan Club" (both TOS and TNG uniforms). There are about 14 unique patterns to choose from. If you're not "sew" talented and want one pre-made, Intergalactic Trading Post of Tampa Florida is one of many companies that make them in several sizes. They generally show up at Star Trek/SF conventions. TNG uniforms are also available from: Star-Fleet Uniforms P.O. Box 8 Willow Grove, PA 19090 Captain's Jacket (real nice, but costs $250); select "Starship" or "Space Station" attire sizes in S/M/L/XL $75, available in red, blue, gold, and grey. Space Station Attire includes grey long-sleeved undershirt. Also: captiain ultra-suede jacket $300 All shirts include pin and pips. 1b) UNIFORM COLORS TOS/TAS: Yellow/Gold Command Blue Science Red Engineering/Cannon Fodder :-) TNG/DS9: Red Command/Helm Yellow/Gold Support (Security/Technical/Engineering) Blue Medical/Science Grey Star Fleet Marine Top Cleavage Psychiatric :-) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Is McCoy a doctor? QUOTE EPISODE I'm a doctor, not a bricklayer Devil in the Dark I'm a doctor, not a escalator Friday's Child I'm a doctor, not a engineer Mirror, Mirror I'm a doctor, not a mechanic The Doomsday Machine I'm a surgeon, not a psychiatrist The City on the Edge of Forever I'm a doctor, not a coal miner The Empath Some more variations on the theme occur in "The Deadly Years" where he says "I'm not a Magician, I'm just an old country doctor", and in "The Corbomite Maneuver" where he asks "What am I, a doctor or a Moon shuttle conductor?" Also, in "Amok Time", Kirk asks "Well, are you a doctor or aren't you?" and in ST5 says something like "Dammit Bones, you're a doctor", and in TOS says "I'm a soldier, not a diplomat." ST2 has a more vague reference when Kirk says "Physician, heal thyself", McCoy says "Is that all you've got to say? What about my performance?", and Kirk replies "I'm not a drama critic". VOY "Phage": Doc Zimmerman (then known only as "The Doctor") used the line "I'm a doctor, not a decorator" in response to Neelix complaining about the ceiling. Zimmerman is supposed to be programmed with the knowledge of the best doctors in Starfleet, so he probably picked that up from McCoy. The line may have been inspired by Heinlein's 1952 novel "The Rolling Stones." In that book, Dr. Edith Stone says, "How can I be sure? I'm a doctor, not a fortune-teller." The earliest sighting of the quote is in the 1933 movie "The Kennel Club Murder Case", where Dr. Finnigan says "I'm a doctor, not a magician" as well as "I'm a doctor, not a detective". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) STARFLEET MILITARY? According to ST:TNG Writer's/Director's guide (1987): "Starfleet is NOT a military organization....No saluting. We may hear the word 'Sir,' but it is intended as the same kind of courtesy used by junior and senior officers on commercial airliners....No stories about warfare with Klingons or Romulans and no stories with Vulcans." Granted the Romulan/Klingon/Vulcan rule has laxed, Starfleet is still basically non-military (except when they are cornered, like the Borg situation). The fourth season ST:TNG Writer's Technical Manual says to mentally merge NASA, the Coast Guard and research ships like Calypso to gain a concept of the Enterprise's mission. I guess we're supposed to believe that court-martials are non-military, huh? --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) GAMES: The FASA Star Trek game is pretty much ignored by the r.a.s community, though many seem to like the variety of TOS and TNG drinking games that show up occasionally (see the monthly FTP posting). There are a few computer games based on Star Trek as well (I even wrote a few). The rules and board layout of the 3-D chess game Kirk kept beating Spock at are posted every once in a while (see monthly FTP list). Star Fleet Battles (SFB) is a tactical "shoot'em up" board game. It is very realistic. It has a basic game, but there are all sorts of highly complex and technical rules available to the ship's commander. It boggles the human mind. None-the-less it is a very fun game. It takes total and complete devotion to learning the game. Some like it others don't. Those that don't shouldn't knock it! It would be best suited as a computer simulation. Federation & Empire (Federation Space) is the strategic and economical version of SFB (bigger picture). West End Games has three ST games out: Enterprise IV Encounter, ST- The Adventure Game, & ST-Three Solitare Games. All came out in 1985. They are simple and fun box games. Star Fleet Battle Manual (Lou Zocchi/Gamescience) & Alien Space were developed about the same time as SFB, but was much simpler. Gamescience is noteable for producing the ever popular 3" plastic models of the Enterprise and dreadnoughts, destroyers/scouts & tugs. Zocchi and Steven Cole (SFB) are friends and have collaborated together in checking that they don't replicate the same material. SFB uses GS's plastic ships. Fasa has also put out 4 microadventure games with short play times and simple rules. They are: STIII-The Search for Spock, Starship Duel 1 & 2, & Struggle for the Throne. 25th Anniversary by Interplay (adventure game) (IBM PC). 25th Anniversary by Interplay--CD-ROM version with voices of the original characters (adventure game) not out yet (IBM PC). Star Trek: The Next Generation - A Final Unity by Spectrum Holobyte on CD-ROM (IBM PC) Star Trek: Judgement Rites by Interplay (not out yet). Star Trek: The Rebel Universe (TOS). ST:TNG the game by Spectrum Holobyte adventure game with SVGA graphics. A CD-ROM version is also planned and a version for the new game-wonder 3DO. In June of 1993, Sirtis was at the Chicago Consumer Electronics Show promotingthe new ST:TNG game coming out for Sega Genesis, Super Nintendo, 3DO and IBM-compatible computers. How to Host a TNG Murder Week-end. Computer Programs (commercial/PC): - ST-TMP (arcade); Sega - ST-TMP; Sega/Atari - Rules of Engagement ($40) - Star Flite, Lance Micklus/Adventure International (aka Star Trek 3.5) 1981 - Kobiashi Maru - Kobiashi Alternative (text) Apple II and IBM PC - Promethian ______ Apple II and IBM PC - fractally-generated planets, interplay - there are many others Computer Programs (public domain): - Trek/DRS (full simulation; FSD) - Trek80/DRS (enhanced version of Trek/DRS; FSD) - TREK_DRS (same scenario each time; IBM and compat; FSD) - xtrek (UNIX) - Begin (ASCII graphics strategy game--TOS) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) THE PRIME DIRECTIVE The prime directive basically says that Federation members shouldn't interfere with a thriving culture that doesn't know about space travel. It is only used when convenient, and forgotten when it would detract from the plot. According to FASA the prime directive states: "As the right of each sentient species to live in accordance with its normal cultural evolution is considered sacred, no Star Fleet personnel may interfere with the healty development of alien life and culture. Such interference includes the introduction of superior knowledge, strength, or technology to a world whose soceity is incapable of handling such advantages wisely. Star Fleet personnel may not violate this Prime Directive, even to save their lives and/or their ship, unless they are acting to right an earlier violation or an accidental contamination of said culture. This directive takes precedence over any and all other considerations, and carries with it the highest moral obligation." According to Geoffery Mandel's book the prime directive states: "When contacting a planet making normal progress toward a free and united society, a Starfleet officer shall make no identification of self or mission; no interference with the social development of said planet; no references to space, or to the fact that there are other worlds or more advanced civilizations. The Prime Directive of Non-Interference - revised 2278" --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6) PICARD'S SURRENDERS: * "Encounter at Farpoint": Picard says "Transmit the following in all languages and in all frequencies: 'We surrender'." * "The Outrageous Okono": Picard drops shields "In case we decide to surrender to them." * "A Matter of Honor": Picard surrenders to Riker on the Pagh. * "The Defector": The Romulans ask Picard to surrender, but he doesn't. * "Peak Performance": Riker asks Picard "Would you care to surrender now?" even before the wargames begin. * "Peak Performance": Picard surrenders to the Ferengi, but they don't accept. * "The Last Outpost": Picard tries to surrender to the Ferengi, but they beat him to it. * "Yesterday's Enterprise": Alternate-Picard refuses to surrender to the Klingons. * "The Best of Both Worlds": The Borg as for Picard's surrender. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7) SELF-DESTRUCTS: * "11001001": Picard tries to self destruct. * "Where Silence Has Lease": Picard tries to self destruct for Nagilum. * "Contagion": Virus-induced sort-of-self-destruct-like-thing. * Kirk tried to self destruct in "Let That Be Your Last Battlefield", "By Any Other Name", threatens to self-destruct in "The Corbomite Maneuver", and finally succeeds in ST3:TSFS. See the "Lists" postings for self-destruct sequences. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8) LEAVING THE GALAXY The Enterprise has attempted to cross the barrier at the edge of the galaxy in: * TOS: Where No Man Has Gone Before * TOS: By Any Other Name * TOS: Is There In Truth No Beauty? * TNG: Where No One Has Gone Before In ST5:TFF they crossed the barrier at the center of the galaxy. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9) ADDRESSES FOR TREK MEMORABILIA Any correspondence with Paramount, the actors, etc. should be sent in care of Paramount at the following address: Paramount Studios Star Trek Offices 5555 Melrose Ave. Hollywood, CA 90038-3197 Another way to reach them is through the Star Trek The Official Fan Club (STTOFC). They have an advert in almost every Star Trek Pocket Book. Note that scripts have a better chance of getting accepted if you have an agent. Paramount gets about 800 fan-written scripts a year and uses about four of them. See the separate FAQL I post to alt.startrek.creative and rec.arts.startrek.misc on submitting scripts. Lincoln Enterprises is run by Majel Barrett (Mrs. Roddenberry, formerly Majel Leigh Hudec), and is said to be the best source for fan paraphanalia, scripts, etc. This is the best place to get a Writer's Guide from if you're not an established writer. The address is: Lincoln Enterprises 14710 Arminta St. Van Nuys, CA 91402 (818) 989-4978 ($15 minimum by credit card) Star Tech has some good stuff too, like the blooper reels on tape (four tapes for TOS and one for TNG season one), movie soundtrack CDs, etc. However, some of their recorded tapes seem to be "gray market", so beware: Star Tech PO Box 456 Dunlap, TN 37327 Starlog (or Starlog Press) 475 Park Avenue South New York, NY 10016 Starland PO Box 24590 Denver, CO 80224 phone: 1 303 671 8735 fax: 1 303 671 0302 Intergalactic Trading Co. PO Box 1516 Longwood, FL 32750 phone: 1 407 831 8344 fax: 1 407 332 0142 New Eye Studio PO Box 632 Willimantic, CT 06226 phone: 1 203 450 1943 War Games West 3422 Central Av SE Albuquerque, NM 87106 phone: 1 505 265 6100 orders: 1 800 729 4263 Fax: 1 505 260 0752 hotline: 1 505 299 3368 Franklin Mint came out with a Pewter Enterprise ($198.00), a pewter Klingon ship, a pewter Romulan Bird of Prey, and a Star Trek Chess Set Kirk and Khan as opposing kings (redshirts as pawns?)) a few years back (1000), and I think CitiCorp or someone has a Star Trek VISA (with some outrageous annual fee). Franklin Mint is now issuing a 25th-anniversary commemorative coins. Timex has a line of Star Trek watches. ERTL have model kits for all three Enterprise versions, a Klingon Cruiser, a Romulan BoP, and a Ferengi ship. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10) CREW READING USENET? None of the cast of TOS, TNG, or DS9 read Usenet (though we have a writer or two on here). Wheaton and some of the "behind-the-scenes" people are on Compu$erve/GEnie though. Garrett(sp?) Wang (who plays Harry Kim on ST:VOY) has an account on AOL and occasionally browses through the Trek newsgroups. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11) WHERE CAN I SEE MY FAVORITE TREK STARS IN THE NUDE?: Marina Sirtis: Full frontal nudity in "The Wicked Lady" (1983), topless in Death Wish III, and topless in "Blind Date" (1984, starring Kirstie Alley). Be aware that this "Blind Date" is *not* the 1987 Blake Edwards' bomb of the same title, which starred Bruce Willis and Kim Basinger. Both "Wicked Lady" and the 1984 "Blind Date" are available on videotape. Any GIFs you might find of Sirtis are probably snarfed from these movies. According to the TNG Companion, Sirtis posed nude for Playboy in 1979. It does not say whether this was the American version of Playboy or another nation's. Denise Crosby: Several nude or semi-nude photos in the March 1979 issue of Playboy, pages 99-103 ("A Different Kind of Crosby"). She also appeared in thE February 1980 issue of Playboy, page 160 ("The Year in Sex"). The original pictures were re-displayed in the May 1988 issue, pages 74-79 ("Star Treat") (along with some (non-nude) TNG photos (Yar, Enterprise, and cast)). She had a brief topless scene in "48 HRS," the 1982 Eddie Murphy/Nick Nolte film as well as "Arizona Heat (1988). In the 1992 Showtime series "Red Show Diaries" (episode "You Have the Right to Remain Silent") she is topless making love with Nick. Gates McFadden was in some 1970s movie in a skimpy top and bikini briefs (but then who *wasn't* back in the 70s?). Terry Farrell: Topless in 1986 teen sex flick "Off the Mark" about kids growing up and turning into triatheletes (with nude-colored pads over her nipples), in a cut-off t-shirt, naked in the showers (covering herself), and stripping on a table with a bunch of guys around her. This movie shows up (editted) on the USA cable network from time to time. There are three pictures that have shown up in the Volume 7, Number 4 edition of "Celebrity Sleuth" Women of Fantasy #5 of her European modeling shots. Jennifer Hetrick ("Vash" in "Captain's Holiday" and "Qpid"): Had a couple of topless scenes in a 1979 movie called "Squeeze Play." She was credited as "Jenni Hetrick." "Squeeze Play" is available on videotape. Lycia Neff ("Ensign Gomez" in a couple of episodes): Gets honorable mention for playing a topless three-breasted hooker in "Total Recall" (1990), even though all three of them were latex prosthetics rather than her actual breasts. "Total Recall" is available on videotape. Angelique Pettyjohn (Shauna from "The Gamesters of Triskelion") used to attend Star Trek conventions, selling posters of her in her drill-thrall outfit as well as racier posters of her more nekkid. She died in 1992, so no more live strip acts from her. And that, alas, is about as far as it goes, at least to my knowledge. I've never even heard any good rumors about Whoopi Goldberg, Diana Muldaur, Rosiland Chao ("Keiko O'Brien"), Suzie Plakson ("Dr. Selar" and "K'Eylar") or April Grace ("Transporter Technician" in a bunch of 4th-season episodes) which I think is the entire list of regular or recurring TNG actresses, or any of the Star Trek men. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12) MUSIC & SOUND: All three seasons of TOS were in mono. All the episodes of TAS were in mono. All the Star Trek movies were in stereo. The first three seasons of TNG are in stereo, the remaining seasons are in Dolby Surround stereo. TNG was not broadcast in Dolby for the first three seasons, but there was out-of-phase-but-equal-amplitude stuff in the ST:TNG soundtrack, which your Dolby Stereo decoder recognizes as "rear channel information". They mostly put the ship's noise (a low thundering sound of the engines) on the rear and some times when ships pass by or shoot. Picard describes a program as "all Mozart" which RA says was supposed to be "mostly Mozart" since it had Allegro from string quartet #19 in C, K 465, by Mozart ("Dissonant") and Andante, ma moderato from Sextet #1 in Bb, by Brahms. For lyrics to any of the various Star Trek songs, as well as a ton of other music-related stuff, see my accompanying posting "FAQL: Star Trek Music". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13) IS PARAMOUNT MAKING MONEY ON TNG & DS9? Yes. Tons. The following is stolen from industry trade magazines VARIETY and BROADCASTING, as well as Roger Tang: FIRST: License fees (the fees studios charge individual stations to run their programs): Let's say Paramount charges each station $2,000 to run the first run package. That's ball park; other stations can get $10-20K per episode in top 20 markets. Also, Turner can expect $800,000 to $1 million per episode show of THE WONDER YEARS when it goes into backend syndication. $2,000 per episode times 238 stations yields $476,000 per episode shown in first run syndication (which does NOT count the later syndication or backend syndication). SECOND: Commercial fees: According to Vidiot, Paramount has seven minutes of national advertising in each show. BROADCASTING has published figures of $60-80,000 per 30 second spot. They have also mentioned that rates for the third and fourth seasons are around $135,000 per 30 second spot. Adweek's Marketing Week mentioned that a 30-second ad for fifth season TNG runs $200,000 (higher than some network shows). Paramount is garnering $2,800,000 per showing of an episode. THIRD: But wait! Shows are shown more than once even in first run syndication. Let's assume a cut rate of $100,000 per spot in reruns (doubt it, since people are STILL watching during reruns). Even a rerun episode will garner $1,400,000 in commercial revenue. THE BOTTOM LINE: $476,000 + $2,800,000 + $1,400,000 = well over $4.5 million in revenue per episode in first run syndication. And we all know studios base their financing on just breaking even in backend syndication. So the claim that Paramount is losing $8 million is just creative financing. Then again, we can throw away our calculations and take Richard Arnold's word that (at least in Season One) TNG was grossing $10 million per episode. The 13 January 93 issue of Broadcasting Magazine reported that Paramount is making $100 million-plus annually in front-end ad revenues alone (not including cash revenues from the back-end repeats). The 23 August 1993 issue of Broadcasting & Cable states: "Counting double-runs, TNG's gross revenues will likely top $100 million annually from the barter front-end domestically. That doesn't count back-end (rerun) cash license fees from stations and sales to international broadcasters." The 23 August 1993 issue of Broadcasting & Cable states: "Since Deep Space Nine was an untried rookie entry, media buyers estimated its first-run gross barter revenues were perhaps 15% lower than TNG, which would put it in the $85 million range. At a $1.5 million per-episode production budget comparable to that of TNG [...] DSN may have tucked away $40 million-$45 million in front-end net revenues domestically. Now that Deep Space Nine has rating stories closely pacing those of The Next Generation, it is widely expected that the former's advertising revenues will be on par with--or could surpass--TNG's." 13b) Star Trek merchandising up 572% sales increase. Total 1990 sales were in excess of $66,600,000,000 (yeah, that's US$66.6 *BILLION* folks). Novels sold an estimated $26 million. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14a) HOW MUCH DOES IT COST TO PRODUCE AN EPISODE OF TOS? DeForest Kelley mentioned at a con once that TOS cost $200,000 for an average episode, though records seem to show it as $100,000 to $120,000). 14b) HOW MUCH DOES IT COST TO PRODUCE AN EPISODE OF TNG? The average TNG episode COSTS Paramount between $1,500,000 and $2,000,000 (depending on the cost of guest stars, sets, and special effects). This is up from $1,400,000 that it cost for each episode in the first season. These figures include the weekly paycheck of Stewart ($100,000) and Burton ($100,000). 14c) HOW MUCH DOES IT COST TO PRODUCE AN EPISODE OF DS9? Deep Space Nine is rumored to have around $2,000,000/episode budget. The 1/11/93 issue of Broadcasting Magazine reported that Paramount has budgeted $1.5 million per episode on production of DS9. The two-hour premiere cost them either $12 million or $20 million, depending on which reports you listen to (but they will no doubt re-use a lot of the footage in later episodes). The 23 August 1993 issue of Broadcasting & Cable states that the annual budget for TNG and DS9 is about the same: $30 million-$35 million for a 22-episode order". [but I thought each season was 26 episodes --ed] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15) MONEY IN THE FUTURE TOS "Amok Time": Kirk says "Do you know how much Starfleet has invested in you?", to which Spock begins to reply "twenty-two thousand, two hun...". Might be hours, exercises, food quantity but seems to be money. TOS "Catspaw": Lt.(Cmdr?) DeFalco says "I'll bet credits to navy beans we can punch a hole in it." TOS "The Doomsday Machine" (possibly also "Balance of Terror"): Kirk says "Scotty, you've earned your pay for the week". He says the same to Sulu in "The Apple" (?) TOS "Errand of Mercy": Kirk says that the Federation spent a lot of money on their training and it's time they got a return on their investment. TOS "Mirror, Mirror": Mirror-Kirk says "You want credits, Spock? I'll make you a rich man", so at least the Mirror-universe version of the Federation seems to have a monitary system. TOS "Mudd's Women": H.F. Mudd mentions that the miners are rich. This seems to imply some type of economic structure. TOS "Operation--Annihilate": Kirk says "I don't care what it takes or costs, just help him." NOVEL "Crisis on Centaurus": Kirk uses back salary to purchase a great deal of wilderness land on Alpha Centauri. There are offers to buy it should he fall behind on his taxes, but he refuses to sell or allow it to be developed. NOVEL"Enterprise": Kirk orders the computer to "close out his [bank] account". NOVEL"Vendetta": Riker makes the comment "That's why I get paid the big money". Data responds with, "I thought a higher salary was due to higher rank, seniority,..." so there are apparently salaries. NOVEL"The Wounded Sky": The reward money for passing through a singularity, to be awarded to the E's crew, is enough to "buy starfleet". Also, at one point, Kirk mentions to himself something along the lines of "Starfleet personnell are tax-exempt." ST4: Kirk tells the female lead that there is no money in the future (but he might just mean that they don't have US dollars, or any "hard" cash, which is what she was enquiring about). ST6: When McCoy and Spock are adapting the photon torpedo to follow exhaust pipes, I believe Doc McCoy says, "I'd give real money if he'd shut up!" (about the rantings of the Klingon commander) TNG "The Big Goodbye": Picard tells "Mac" that he doesn't have any money for a newspaper. Mac gives it to him anyway. TNG "Conspiracy": The planet the starship captains meet on (Ditalix B) is said to be owned by the Ditalix Mining Corporation, which may imply something of the Federations's economic structure. TNG "Encounter at Farpoint": Bev Crusher buys a roll of cloth and has her account on the ship billed. TNG "The Neutral Zone": Picard mentions that they don't have money. TNG "Peak Performance": Riker is playing strategema against Kolrami. Worf whispers to Riker that he has bet a "sizeable amount" on Riker in the ship's pool. He may have made a similar comment about Tasha Yar in "Skin of Evil". TNG "The Price": There is a bidding war going on for the use of a wormhole, and Picard mentions how much toll the Ferengi might charge if they get the rights to use that wormhole. TNG "Unification II": Riker is trying to get info out of the piano player. She said to "drop a few coins in the jar" for info; Riker says he doesn't carry money. TNG: In the first Fenengi episode, they called the comm badges a shamefull use of a precious metal, yet they said they have their own "matter-energy device". TNG: People are always offering to buy each other coffee, etc. in Ten Forward, but this may just be a gesture, since we never see anyone pay for anything. Also, they must be playing poker for *some* stakes, just playing for chips would be meaningless. DS9: On the promenade, people can be seen gambling, buying time in the holosuite, buying food, buying drinks, etc. Also, for large cash purchases, the monitary unit seems to be gold-pressed latinum (sp?) DS9 "Past Prologue": The Cardassian merchant wants Bashir to buy a new suit. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16) RELIGION IN THE FUTURE [Note for future reference: This section will be split into its own separate FAQL eventually, since the amount of data is increasing so much, and because the questions come up waaaay too often despite having its own section inthe FAQL --ed] TOS "Balance of Terror": Kirk says something about nondenominationalism during the wedding ceremony he's performing. TOS "Bread and Circuses": McCoy says "If you speak of worship, we serve many beliefs". Uhura figures out that they aren't worshipping the sun, but the "Son of God". TOS "Errand of Mercy": Spock says "Even the gods did not spring into being overnight". TOS "Metamorphosis": Spock asks The Companion if it has the power to create life. The Companion says, "No, that is for the maker of all things." TOS "Obsession": Scotty says "Thank heavens", to which Spock replies "Mr. Scott, there was no deity involved; it was my cross-circuiting to B that recovered them." McCoy then says "Wee, then thank pitchforks and pointed ears!" TOS "The Paradise Syndrome": Kirk is thought (by the Indian populace) to be a god when he emerges from the temple. TOS "The Trouble with Tribbles": Someone said "Kirk may be a swaggering, overbearing, tin-plated dictator with delusions of godhood, but he's not soft." TOS "The Ultimate Computer": M5 says "Murder is contrary to the laws of man and God." Kirk says "Daystrom felt that such an act was an offense against the laws of God and man, and the computer that carried his engrams also believed it." TOS "The Way to Eden": Space-hippies search for the mythical planet Eden. TOS "Where No Man Has Gone Before": Gary Mitchell gets god-like powers and creates a "Garden of Eden" on a desolate planet TOS "Who Mourns for Adonais": Apollo journeyed to earth 5000 years ago from Pullox 4 and was worshipped along with the other gods by the populace. Chekov says "Sorry, I've never met a god before." McCoy says "Scotty doesn't believe in gods." ST5: Sybok takes the Enterprise in search of God. NOV "Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan": Chekov is looking at the books on board the Botany Bay, and when he comes across the Bible he thinks "...twentieth century mythology, if he remembered rightly" or words to that effect. TNG "The Chase": The progenitor race created Romulans, Klingons, Ferengi, Cardassians, Humans, etc. around the time the Milky Way was forming. TNG "Data's Day": Data mentions that it's a Hindu holiday. Keiko and Miles O'Brien are married. TNG "Devil's Due": The crew meet "the Devil". TNG "Justice": The crew talk to a planet's "God". TNG "Who Watches the Watchers": Picard is thought to be a god by the populace. TNG "[season 6 episode name that I forgot, possibly "Rightful Heir"?]": Klingon religion is explored when the Klingon version of Jesus (Kahless?) is cloned. DS9: Bajorans seem to be deeply religious with all the Vedeks, the Kai, and the worhipping of the orbs. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17) SMOKING IN THE FUTURE TOS: I don't recall anyone ever smoking. Maybe in "A Piece of the Action" or one of the "Earth's past" episodes. TNG: Holodeck characters are often smoking. TNG: Data smokes a pipe when he acts out Sherlock Holmes scenes. TNG: Beverly (?) was smoking a cigarette on the holodeck and just about gagged (she also ATE her gum). Marina Sirtis just quit smoking by going to a hypnotist (March 1993). Brent tried it, but started smoking again after a year. Whoopi smokes cigars. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18) INSIDE TREK (WEEKLY SYNDICATED STAR TREK NEWSPAPER COLUMN) Beginning 9 March 1993, "Inside Trek", a syndicated, weekly newspaper column, will add to the TV series, the six movies, the more than 100 novels, the 500 fanzines, and the 3000 Trekker conventions a year, all inspired by the original TV show. The column will feature interviews with the stars, trivia (e.g.: "What do the letters IDIC stand for? Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations"), plus plotlines of current episodes of "Star Trek: The Next Generation" and "Deep Space Nine". So far several newspapers have committed to the column, which is produced by The New York Times Syndicate. The Times, however, will not carry it. The following papers have printed the column: -- Boston Herald -- Chicago Tribune -- Detroit Free Press -- Palm Beach Post (West Palm Beach) -- Toronto Sun Newspaper - weekly TV Guide -- Washington Times The following papers have received the column but have not printed it yet: -- Baltimore Sun -- Washington Post --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19) HISTORY OF THE STAR TREK NEWSGROUPS Roger Noe was the force behind creating a group just for discussing Star Trek, and thus was created net.startrek (July 1982), which later was renamed rec.arts.startrek during "The Great Renaming" (December 1986). When it became clear that a single group was becoming too much to sort through for useful information, rec.arts.startrek.info was voted on and created in the first part of February 1990, moderated by Jim Griffith. In the spring of 1991, people got tired of seeing large parodies, scripts, artwork, etc in r.a.s, and there was a proposal to create a new group called rec.arts.startrek.creative. There was some controversy over copyrights (that apparently didn't matter if the same postings showed up in r.a.s) so the vote was abandoned. During the proposal and vote, someone created alt.startrek.creative, which serves the purpose, except that it is unmoderated, and only about half the sites actually carry the group. At the end of 1991 a vote was taken to split the main group into four components (tech, fandom, current, and misc) which passed by a landslide. The groups were created early in January 1992. In early 1993, with the high volume of posts that came with the coming of "Deep Space Nine", came two CFVs, one for r.a.s.reviews (a moderated group for the subset of misc and current that are objective reviews), and r.a.s.characters for discussion of the characters. The reviews group passed in early March 1993 with Mike Shappe as moderator. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99) MISC TRIVIA For a list of awards that TOS and TNG have won/been nominated for, please reference Hack-Man's TOS Guide and Vidiot's TNG Guide. Asteroid #4659 (discovered by S.J. Bus at Siding Spring Observatory on 2 March 1981) was named "Roddenberry". The official citation reads as follows: "Named in memory of Eugene "Gene" W. Roddenberry (1921-1991), creator and producer of the television series "Star Trek", "Star Trek: The Next Generation", and six Star Trek motion pictures. Roddenberry explored the human condition through the medium of science fiction, often circumventing television network censors to expound on controversial social and political topics. His unique vision of a positive future for a united humanity inspired a variety of devoted fans. Today Roddenberry, the starship Enterprise, and its crews are known worldwide, and fans number in the millions." Gene Roddenberry was posthumously awarded on 2/10/92 with the VISION AWARD from Education First. It was accepted by Majel, so said, " This would have been the most important award he ever received, with [out] a doubt. As much as Gene would say he wasn't an educator, he was a learner. He spent his life reading, discussing, thinking, debating. And he wanted to install in people that they could create their own worlds and thoughts and messages." Present was the TNG cast, Richard Arnold, and Paramount Communications CEO and former VISION AWARDee, Brandon Tartikoff. Why is everyone called "Mister" and "Sir", even the females? This is yet another extension of the US military. When addressing an officer of lesser rank you may call him by his first name, such as: "Ensign," or "Ensign Kirk," or "Mister," or "Mister Kirk," or "Jim". Typically, command level ranking officers are addressed by rank, or by rank and last name, such as "Admiral" or "Admiral Kirk". Between officers of same rank, or with permission, first names can be used, otherwise the "Sir" factor is added. In VOY: The Caretaker, Janeway requests a departure from the StarFleet custom of command level officers being addressed as "sir". TOS: James Doohan is missing the middle finger of his right hand. It can be seen in brief shots (especially in the early episodes). Whenever they needed to show Scotty's hands (like when he operated the transporter) they had a stand-in and showed a close-up. ("Cut! All right, bring in the stunt hands.") It is very noticable in ST5 when Uhura tosses Scotty a bag of SmartFood. TOS: Majel Leigh Hudec is Majel Barrett's real name. She took the name Barrett to fool NBC so they would hire her for Christine Chapel (they never knew that the blonde Majel Barrett was the same person as the brunette whom they fired as Number One). Some volume of "The Best of Trek" stated that Number One and Christine Chapel were sisters. TOS "Balance of Terror": Neutral zone outposts 1, 3, 4, and 8 were trashed by the Romulan ship before the Enterprise was able to engage (#4 was the one they saw get destroyed on the viewer) TOS "The Tholian Web": The name of the Tholian commander who first attacks the Enterprise after Kirk is lost is Commander Loskene. TOS "Wolf in the Fold": The names that the entity was referred to by were Jack the Ripper, Baratis, Redjac, Kesla, Mr. Hengist (and yes, that was John Fiedler, the wimpy guy from the Bob Newhart Show). TOS "Amok Time": T'Pau was the only person to ever turn down a seat on the Federation council. TOS "Amok Time": The episode where Ensign Chekov makes his debut (1st episode, 2nd season). "Catspaw" was the one he was first filmed in, although this aired after "Amok Time". TOS "The Paradise Syndrome": "He Has Walked Among Us" and "Paleface" were combined into "The Paradise Syndrome", according to speculation by Allen Asherman and David Gerrold. Reportedly, only Gene Coon knew for sure, and of course he's been dead for about 20 years... TOS "The Menagerie": The ONLY doorknob seen in a Federation setting (ship or starbase etc.) was on the door to Christopher Pike's quarters, which was kind of ironic, since he's about the only person who COULDN'T use a doorknob! :-) The door to Dr. Tom Lathom's house in "The Conscience of the King" has a doorknob, but may not be a Federation setting. In TNG "The First Duty", we see that dorms at SFA have doorknobs. TOS "Plato's Stepchildren": The first inter-racial kiss on television took place between Kirk and Uhura. TOS "City on the Edge of Forever": If you want H. Ellison's original script for "City on the Edge of Forever", look for a book called "Six Science Fiction Plays", edited by Roger Elwood. It's a paperback, published in 1976 by Pocket Books under the Washington Square Press imprint. It was distributed in the U.S. and Canada by Simon & Schuster. I have no idea if it's still in print. If it isn't, check your local library, used book stores, and the dealer's room at your next convention. There must be copies out there somewhere. According to Elwood's foreword, this was the first time Ellison's original uncut script was published. It's preceded by a ten-page introduction that Ellison wrote especially for this book, telling his version of the transformation of his script into what was eventually telecast. The book also contains these scripts: "Sting!" by Tom Reamy "Contact Point" by Theodore R. Cogswell and George Rae Cogswell "Stranger with Roses" by John Jakes "The Mechanical Bride" by Fritz Leiber "Let Me Hear You Whisper" by Paul Zindel ("Sting!" is a movie screenplay; "The Mechanical Bride" is a teleplay; the others are stage plays) According to the Star Trek Compendium: Kirk: was in 79 TOS episodes Spock: was in 79 TOS episodes + "The Cage" McCoy: was in 74 TOS episodes Uhura: was in 65 TOS episodes Scotty: was in 61 TOS episodes Sulu: was in 47 TOS episodes Chekov: was in 33 TOS episodes ST: TMP: The oval things on the belts were originally supposed to be biorhythm devices. In the novelization of ST:TMP, the little oval things are described in a footnote. They are called "perscan" devices and are used to monitor crew members life signs from sick bay. Only the CMO gets to see the captain's perscan output. According to the footnote, the lower abdomen is supposed to be an ideal location for a medical scanner. Making it into a belt buckle seemed the obvious way to integrate it into the Fleet uniforms. ST4: A storyline cut was a bunch of lines which indicated that Saavik was pregnant. When they started running out of screen time, these scenes were cut, since they were not essential to the main story in the movie. Of course, this means that, officially, IT NEVER HAPPENED. :-) ST4: Kirk Thatcher: - Was associate producer of ST4. - Was the actor who played the Punk on the Bus in ST4. - Wrote the song "I Hate You" which the punk was listening to. - Is a member of the band "Edge of Etiquette" which performed the song. - has recently done work on the "Dinosaurs" series (Co-producer and creature creator?) which had an episode with the same plot as TNG one week. - Is Margaret Thatcher's son. (not THE Margaret Thatcher, though) ST5: Yes, the marshmallow (or rather "marshmellon" (read the book)) dispenser used by Spock in the campfire scenes was available from Kraft for a number of proofs-of-purchase when the movie came out. It would hold several marshmallows and dispense them one at a time. I think the end credits for the movie even said "Kraft--the official marshmallow of ST5" or some such thing. TNG: The ship's computer core looks like a building... and it is! It's based on the RCA building in LA. TNG: Denise Crosby is Bing Crosby's granddaughter. TNG: Picard's fish is named Livingston. It originally had some Shakespearean name, but is now said to be named after David Livingston, one of the first season line producers. TNG: Data isn't supposed to be able to utter any contractions, though he seems to be speaking something awfully close. Perhaps his "I have"s and "I am"s are just being spoken rapidly enough so they sound like "I've" and "I'm". TNG: They have dropped the love interest plotline they started in "Encounter at Farpoint", and also (apparently) that Wil and Deanna can communicate telepathically. There are *tons* of anime references (far too many to list here) in TNG, from the names of ships and alien races to the scribblings on the wall. Rick Sternbach and others are big fans of "Dirty Pair" and other japanimation. There are also reference to other SF shows; "4077" shows up in sickbay a lot (Mike Okuda is a MASH fan). Some of the references can be found in Mike Brown's TNG Guide, appendix G. TNG season 1: According to Marina Sirtis, during the first season the very small dressing rooms were marked with "funny" identification. Hers was "Token Betazoid", Wheaton's was "Token Teen", Burton's was "Negro in Space", and Stewart's was "Unknown Shakespearean Actor" (after an early ST:TNG review). TNG season 1: Dr. Crusher's orderly (ensign Freeman) was supposed to be gay (according to the script writer). TNG "Encounter at Farpoint": Lets get this straight, once and for all. What we have is a "Special Appearance by DeForest Kelley" in which he plays an unnamed officer who just happens to have the following traits/qualities: (1) He is a retired Admiral from Starfleet Medical division (2) He has a definite affection for starships named 'Enterprise' (3) He is 137 years old, which is (in the eyes of the Federation) an exceedingly long Terran life span, which could be explained, possibly, by carrying the spirit of a Vulcan around inside him for an extended period of time (4) He has a pronounced aversion to the use of transporters (5) He has an unusual reaction to Vulcan-style logic (6) He just happens to look, walk, talk, act, and in every other conceivable way behave exactly like Leonard 'Bones' McCoy :-). Given these criteria, we can only logically conclude that this was, in fact, not Leonard McCoy, but rather some little known Admiral who would have no special meaning to anyone watching Star Trek, but deserved four minutes of an episode devoted to him. :-) Actually, the novelization of EaF *does* call the Admiral "McCoy", Okuda's TNG Chronology named McCoy as the admiral in EaF, and in the letter column of the first issue of a TOS comic mini-series, it is mentioned that Richard Arnold said: - that IS Dr. McCoy in EaF - that IS Spock's wedding that Picard was at (Okuda's TNG Chronology confirms this as well) TNG "Where No One Has Gone Before": The UFP has explored 11% of the galaxy. TNG "11001001": Binary 11001001 is decimal 201, and 2:01 kept showing up on displays in the episode. TNG "Home Soil": You can hear in the background "Three[?] are trapped in a turbolift and two[?] are trapped in the programmers' restroom." So, I guess we have proof that there are restrooms on the Enterprise-D (as well as the two references in the movies (on the Excelsior, and Kirk in the Brig in ST5 ("do not use in spacedock")) as well as the one you can't really see in "Q-Who" when the Borg slice up the Enterprise). TNG "Skin of Evil": No, contrary to the rumors, you can't see Troi's bra in this episode. What people were seeing was a shadow (and with the flashing red light, it appeared red). TNG "The Royale": The scene where Data was shooting craps seemed to be lifted right out of "The Questor Tapes". In both cases, the android and his companion(s) needed some quick cash, and so they play at the craps table. In both cases, the android placed the dice in his hand and applied the correct pressure to rebalance the dice, thus altering the odds. TNG "The Neutral Zone": Rick Sternbach was in one of the life support canisters. TNG "The Neutral Zone": There is a family tree for Clare Raymond (one of the 20th century frozen people). When they created the tree, they populated it with members of the cast and characters from other shows (MASH, Giligan's Island, etc.) I think Riker was married to Picard. TNG "We'll Always Have Paris": The Cafe de Artiste had a couple of strange items on the menu, including Croissant Dilithium, Targ Klingon ala mode, Tribble in a Blanket, and John Cougar Mellencamp. TNG: Each starship has a dedication plaque. The plaque on the USS Tsiolkovsky ("The Naked Now") reads "Earth is the cradle of the mind, but one cannot remain in the cradle forever". The plaque on the Hoatio shows that it was built by Yoyodyne and reads "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!" TNG "Samaritan Snare": when Picard and Wesley arrive at the Starbase, there is a directory listing departments and personnel. Filming was stopped for a while when this directory was installed while *everyone* looked to see where they appeared, since the Starbase was staffed by the TNG crew. TNG "The Defector": Yes that was Stewart as one of the King's men with Data on the holodeck. The other man was NOT Frakes, however. TNG "Q Who": The general consensus is that it *was* Spiner playing the part of Borg#1. There is no screen credit, however. TNG "The High Ground": "He Has Walked Among Us" was reportedly a minor inspiration for "The High Ground", albeit uncredited (this coming from a Creation con). "THG" was one of those supposedly conceived during the strike as a possible filler (a la "The Child"), and the use of the older TOS script ("The Paradise Syndrome") would have made it acceptable under the union crap edicts. TNG "Up the Long Ladder": No, that is *not* Eddie Murphy as one of the clones, though it does look a bit like him. TNG "Deja Q": Q gives his IQ as 2005. TNG "The Nth Degree": Barclay estimates his IQ to be between 1200 and 1450. TNG "Contagion": Yes, they used Toronto City Hall as one of the "furutistic buildings" seen in the portal. TNG: Dr Selar appeared in "The Schizoid Man" and has been mentioned in "Yesterday's Enterprise" (paged in background), "Remember Me" (Bev can't find Dr Selar or Dr Hill), "Suspicions", and "Tapestry" where Bev orders her to come to sickbay. TNG: In a War of the Worlds episode ("Thy Kingdom Come"), there is a kid playing with action figures. One of them is in the likeness of Yar, Data, Picard, or Riker and he mentions something about Ferengi. TNG: Paramount has confirmed that the bar on the Enterprise-D (with its "Whoopi cushion") is non-alcoholic. Since then, we've learned that she keeps the "real stuff" behind the bar for Scotty, et.al. TNG "Ensigns of Command": The original script called for Data to have sex with the leading lady in order to get her cooperation later. This idea never made it through the first draft. Gene's reason for dropping it: "Only a human male would use a woman like that"... TNG "The Schizoid Man": Shots of Genesis, Yar, "Encounter at Farpoint" scenes, etc. in Data's psych test. TNG "Sarek": The quote is "Amanda, Spock, Perrin", not "Amanda, Spock, burried" and there is NOTHING that claims that Spock is dead. TNG: Facial hair: - Geordi was seen shaving in "Code of Honor" - Riker grew a beard after the first season - Data had a beard in "Unnatural Selection" - Admiral Picard had a beard in "Future Imperfect" - Geordi had the start of a beard in "The Outcast" - Picard had a beard in the future in "All Good Things..." - Ben Sisko shaved his head and grew a beard after the first few seasons TNG is now available on video tape. It is the first series *ever* to be available while still in first-run. It is through the CBS Video Club (Cutsomer Service number is 1-800-457-0866 and/or 1-800-538-7766). They started releasing the copy of "Encounter at Farpoint" as the two one-hour version (which has scenes missing and other scenes re-ordered from the original single two-hour broadcast), but (due to enough of us telling them what we thought of that) now comes as the two-hour original broadcast (even though the box still lists it as two one-hour shows). "Encounter At Farpoint", "The Naked Now", and "Code Of Honor" are available directly from Paramount Home Video in both video tape and (possibly) laser disc through your local video store. However, there is no word on when or if more episodes will be released. More episodes may have been released; this section hasn't been updated recently. Two episodes of TNG have appeared to be clones of "Red Dwarf" episodes. The episode where Picard ordered Data to lie and everyone wiped their memories was a clone of "Thanks for the Memory". The 5th season episode "The Game" was a clone of "Better Than Life". (The following from Richard Arnold): Leonard Nimoy was presented with an idea for a ST:TNG two-part episode which was given a working title of "Return to Forever". The "official" word is that midway through negotiations Nimoy's agent suddenly started asking for $1 million. Since, at the time, the budget for an average week's episode was $1.4 million (it's now $1.6 million), this was a clearly unreasonable demand. The script with Spock is still supposedly floating around somewhere. But the "official" word is that Leonard is simply more interested in working on movies (mainly directing) than he is in making guest appearances on TV. This was the news until late 1990. Nimoy told us himself in August 1991 that he would be in an episode or two of TNG during the November Sweeps, but it won't be "return to Forever" (Guardian of Forever script?) or "Broken Mirror" ("Mirror Mirror sequel?). It turned out to be "Unification I" and "Unification II". After Stewart came to the USA and started TNG, he bought a new Honda Prelude. Then Wil Wheaton drove up in the same car--except he had the Honda Prelude *Deluxe*. Stewart didn't want to be beneath Wil, so he went out and bought a Jaguar XJ6. Since I know *someone* will ask, Frakes drives a black Limited Edition Jeep, Spiner drives a Toyota Corolla, Burton drives a black BMW, Sirtis drives a white Chrysler LeBaron convertible, Dorn drives a VW Jetta, and McFadden drives a station wagon (Capri or Caprice). List of people who have been Captain of the Enterprise: Robert April......................1701 Christopher Pike..................1701 James T. Kirk.....................1701 Willard "Will" Decker............. Spock............................. James T. Kirk (again).............1701-A [ the guy in ST:Generations ].....1701-B Rachel Garrett....................1701-C Jean-Luc Picard...................1701-D William T. Riker..................1701-D Jean-Luc Picard (again)...........1701-D Edward Jellico....................1701-D Jean-Luc Picard (again)...........1701-D Jean-Luc Picard (again)...........1701-E TNG: The "horseshoe" rail on the bridge is actually made of wood. Yes, I know it *looks* like wood, but it isn't the result of staining. Staining the horseshoe couldn't bring out the grain enough to be picked up by the cameras, so the horseshoe had to be *painted* to look like wood. TNG: People keep asking about the weird production schedule. Why do we keep getting breaks of repeats when it isn't summer yet? A lot of shows (especially the hour-long ones) go to repeats around December and March (just after the sweeps months). The average episode of DS9/VOY takes about ten days to film. They start well before the season begins, but they wouldn't be able to keep ahead for the entire season. So while we're watching the December repeats, they're trying to get a few episodes ahead of the viewers again! DS9 satellite uplink times (Keystone wide band carrier (6.2 left, 6.8 right, 5.8 mono)): Saturday 10:00-11:00 ET Telstar 302 transponder-3 (2 vertical) 16:00-17:00 ET Telstar 302 transponder-3 (2 vertical) Sunday 16:00-17:00 ET Telstar 302 transponder-3 (2 vertical) By January 1994 they should have moved to Telstar 401. VOY satellite uplink times: ??? --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This article is Copyright 1990-1998 by Otto Heuer. It may be freely redistributed in its entirety provided that this copyright notice is not removed. It may not be sold for profit or incorporated in commercial documents without the written permission of the copyright holder. Permission is expressly granted for this document to be made available for file transfer from installations offering unrestricted anonymous file transfer on the Internet free of charge. Corrections to this FAQL: trek-faq-correct@twc-online.com Additions for this FAQL: trek-faq-add@twc-online.com Comments on this FAQL: web-trek-comments@twc-online.com Comments on my Trek web page: web-trek-comments@twc-online.com General comments on my web page: web-general-comments@twc-online.com Misc: Hack-Man@twc-online.com Don't be disappointed if you don't get a personl reply. I currently get over 100 email messages a day and I'm lucky if I send a reply to more than ten of them. --Otto "HACK-MAN" Heuer _____ _________ _ _____ _____ _____ _____ | ___|| _______|| | Otto E. Heuer, CEO ||___|| |_ _| |_ _| ||___|| | |__ | |___ ___| | FSD, Inc. "The innovator | o | | | | | | o | | __| |___ || _ | for software solutions |__O__| |_| |_| |__O__| | | _______| || |_| | for . . . .... . . . . . . . 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